Low air loss absorbent pad

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe low air loss absorbent pad apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunction with contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses and/or for use as a standalone devices. In some embodiments, the low air loss apparatuses disclosed herein can include a porous (e.g., perforated) absorbent pad with air loss functionality. One or more layers of the low air loss apparatus can be constructed of absorbent materials to function as a low air loss incontinence pad. The low air loss apparatus can be connectable to an air supply source that provides a high flow, low stream of air resulting in the low air loss features. In some embodiments, the pad is designed as a cover for a polyurethane alternating pressure support apparatus that provides pressure relief via inflatable air cells that are high-pressure, low-flow.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is related to U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,726,908 and 8,757,165which are continuations-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/660,429, filed on Oct. 25, 2012, entitled “PATIENT-ORIENTINGALTERNATING PRESSURE DECUBITUS PREVENTION SUPPORT APPARATUS,” whichclaims priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 61/618,936, entitled “PATIENT-ORIENTING ALTERNATING PRESSUREDECUBITUS PREVENTION PILLOW,” and filed on Apr. 2, 2012, the contents ofall of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

At least one embodiment of the present invention pertains to medicalprevention and treatment devices, and more particularly, to low air lossabsorbent pad apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunctionwith contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses.

BACKGROUND

Various systems and apparatuses exist for improving comfort and/ormitigating pressure ulcers though contact pressure mitigation.Unfortunately, these systems and apparatuses typically lack the abilityto control the spatial relationship between the patient and thetherapeutic surface (or contact surface) and, thus, patients using thesesupport surfaces may still end up with pressure ulcer complications.Furthermore, these systems and/or apparatuses are commonly used withincontinent patients and, thus, sterilization and reuse of these deviceshas also been an issue.

Accordingly, a need exists for a system that overcomes the aboveproblems, as well as one that provides additional benefits.

Overall, the examples herein of some prior or related systems and theirassociated limitations are intended to be illustrative and notexclusive. Other limitations of existing or prior systems will becomeapparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the following.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a top plan view of an example low air loss absorbentcover apparatus, according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate schematic cross-section views of example low airloss cover apparatuses, according to various embodiments.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate schematic cross-section views of another exampleof low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses, according to variousembodiments.

FIG. 4 depicts a side view of an example system including a removablyattachable low air loss absorbent pad that is configured as a low airloss protective cover for a contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus on which a patient rests, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 depicts an example pressure mitigation support apparatus,according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 depicts a top plan perspective view of an example low air lossabsorbent cover apparatus 600, according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 7A and 7B depict back plan views of example low air loss absorbentcover apparatuses, according to various embodiments.

FIG. 8 depicts a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the exampleform of a computer system within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are low air loss absorbent apparatuses and systems foruse thereof in conjunction with contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatuses.

In some embodiments, a low air loss absorbent pad apparatus can operateas a low air loss protective cover for a contact pressure-mitigationsupport apparatus or other apparatus. As described in U.S. Pat. Nos.8,726,908 and 8,757,165, which have been expressly incorporated hereinby reference, contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses canmitigate pressure between a user or patient and a contact surface onwhich the patient rests through the use of multiple alternatingindependently pressurized air cells. In some embodiments, low air lossfunctionality can be built into a contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus or overlay device. For example, a low air loss portion orsheet with perforations in an outer covering can be constructed of apolyurethane or polyurethane-like material and permanently bonded to acontact pressure-mitigation support apparatus or overlay device, alsoconstructed of a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material, forming aone-piece combination apparatus or overly device having low-air lossfeatures. The low-air loss features, e.g., similar to an air hockeytable, can circulate air between the user or patient and the pressurerelieving surface to keep a patient's skin cool and dry while alsomitigating pressure between the user or patient and the contact surface.Consequently, the combination apparatus described herein adds a low airloft feature to a pressure relief surface (or overlay device).

However, the combination apparatus can also be difficult to clean and/orotherwise maintain. For example, pressure relieving surfaces areregularly placed underneath incontinent patients. In some instances, itcan be difficult to clean the inside of the combination apparatus if thedevice gets soiled because the combination apparatus or overlay cannotsimply be wiped down on the outer surface as soiled material canpenetrate the perforations of the low air loss portion and get trappedin a low air loss cavity or space, e.g., urine can get into the smallholes or perforations of the low air loss portion of the combinationapparatus.

Incontinence pads can be used to prevent the soiled material frompenetrating the perforations of the low air loss portion. Unfortunately,use of incontinence pads reduces or, in some cases, completelyeliminates low air loss functionality. That is, incontinence pads aretypically fabricated with a non-porous outer polyurethane layer orbacking to protect underlying surfaces. The outer polyurethane layer orbacking is air impermeable and liquid impervious material and, thus,when placed over perforations in the outer sheet, the non-porous outerpolyurethane layer blocks the air flow through the perforations.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure describe low air lossabsorbent pad apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunctionwith contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses and/or for use as astandalone apparatus. That is, in some embodiments, the low air lossabsorbent pad comprises a single piece of a two-piece apparatus that isremovably attachable to a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, the low air loss apparatuses disclosed herein caninclude a porous (e.g., perforated) absorbent pad with air lossfunctionality. One or more layers of the low air loss apparatus can beconstructed of absorbent materials to function as a low air lossincontinence pad. The low air loss apparatus can be connectable to anair supply source that provides a high flow, low stream of air resultingin the low air loss features. In some embodiments, the pad is designedas a cover for a polyurethane alternating pressure support apparatusthat actively orients a specific anatomic region of a user's body overan epicenter of a geometric pattern to provide pressure relief viainflatable air cells that are high-pressure, low-flow. The absorbentfeatures of the low air loss apparatus protect bedding or anything underthe user (e.g., the alternating pressure support apparatus) as well askeeping the user's skin cool and dry. Additionally, the low air lossapparatus can be removable for sterilization and reuse and/or disposablefor easy cleanup and replacement.

As discussed herein, the removable low air loss absorbent apparatusprovides absorption and low air loss functionality keeping the patient'sskin cool and dry in addition to providing protection to thepressure-mitigating contact surface on which the patient rests.Furthermore, because the low air loss absorbent pad is removable, thesystem facilitates sterilization and reuse and/or disposability for easycleanup and replacement.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad apparatus isremovably attachable to an overlay device and disposable. For example,the low air loss absorbent pad can be attached or affixed via Velcro,tape (e.g., a two-sided tape), or any other suitable methods ofadhesion. Once soiled or dirty, the low air loss absorbent pad apparatuscan be peeled away from the underlying surface or overlay device,disposed of, and replaced with a new low air loss absorbent pad. Forexample, if the low air loss absorbent pad is soiled and urine getsinside through the small holes of the low air loss feature, the low airloss cover can simply be discarded and a new one placed on thepolyurethane pressure relieving surface and side wall air bolsters. Inaddition, in some embodiments, the disposable cover can be fabricatedand/or otherwise include absorbent materials that function like anincontinence pad. Thus, the low air loss disposable cover can absorbfluid as well as protect the urethane inflatable pressure relief deviceand the user.

The following description and drawings are illustrative and are not tobe construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described toprovide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certaininstances, well-known or conventional details are not described in orderto avoid obscuring the description. References to one or an embodimentin the present disclosure can be, but not necessarily are, references tothe same embodiment; and, such references mean at least one of theembodiments.

Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic describedin connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodimentof the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “In some embodiments”in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referringto the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodimentsmutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features aredescribed which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others.Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirementsfor some embodiments but not other embodiments.

The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinarymeanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in thespecific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used todescribe the disclosure are discussed below, or elsewhere in thespecification, to provide additional guidance to the practitionerregarding the description of the disclosure. For convenience, certainterms may be highlighted, for example using italics and/or quotationmarks. The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaningof a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the samecontext, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated thatsame thing can be said in more than one way.

Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any oneor more of the terms discussed herein, nor is any special significanceto be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussedherein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one ormore synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use ofexamples anywhere in this specification including examples of any termsdiscussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to furtherlimit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any exemplifiedterm. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodimentsgiven in this specification.

Without intent to further limit the scope of the disclosure, examples ofinstruments, apparatus, methods and their related results, according tothe embodiments of the present disclosure, are given below. Note thattitles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of areader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. Unlessotherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein havethe same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in theart to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, thepresent document, including definitions, will control.

Various references are made herein to contact pressure-mitigationsupport apparatuses. It is appreciated that these references can referto the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 8,726,908 and 8,757,165, the contents of which have beenexpressly incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, it isappreciated that the term “patient” as used herein can include anyindividuals, users or persons that sit or are bed bound for prolongedperiods of time.

FIG. 1 depicts a top plan view of an example low air loss absorbentcover apparatus 100, according to an embodiment. The example low airloss absorbent cover apparatus 100 includes a non-porous base portion110, a porous user contact portion 120, an air intake port or inlet 130,and an intake tube connector 135. The porous user contact portion 120can be bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of theuser contact portion such that a low air space (or cavity) is formedbetween the non-porous base portion 110 and the porous user contactportion 120 (see, e.g., 622 of FIG. 6). As illustrated in the example ofFIG. 1, in some embodiments, the porous user contact portion 120 canextend beyond the exterior perimeter of the non-porous base portion 110at the top and bottom. In such cases, the porous user contact portioncan be bonded to the non-porous base portion 120 at bond perimeterpoints 126 on the top and bottom and along the edges on each side.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 canfunction as both a low air loss incontinence pad and as a cover for anunderlying apparatus and/or support surface. For example, the non-porousbase portion 110 can be constructed of an air impermeable, liquidimpervious material in order to protect the underlying apparatusesand/or support surfaces from becoming soiled due to an incontinentpatient.

In some embodiments, the non-porous base portion 110 can include wingedsegments 112. The winged segments can be used to secure the low air lossabsorbent cover apparatus 100 to a contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus such as the apparatuses described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,726,908and 8,757,165. Although the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100is primarily described herein as a cover for various contactpressure-mitigation support apparatuses, it is appreciated that the lowair loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 can be used as a cover in anynumber of scenarios including, but not limited to, a cover for a seat orseat cushion, a bed or bed frame, a mattress cover, a wheelchair seat orseat cushion cover, etc.

As illustrated in the example of FIG. 1, the low air loss absorbentcover apparatus 100 provides low air loss functionality through the useof low air loss orifices 125. The low air loss orifices 125 can beperforations in a sheet, small pin-sized holes, etc. In someembodiments, the low air loss orifices 125 may not be visible to thehuman eye. In any case, the low air loss orifices 125 function to slowlyrelease the air pumped through the air intake port 130 in order to keepa patient in contact with the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100cool and dry. The air intake port 130 is configured to receive ahigh-flow low-pressure air stream or flow 140. Although not shown in theexample of FIG. 1, the air flow 140 can be generated by an air controlsystem such as, for example, a blower.

In some embodiments, the example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus100 comprises a protective cover that can attach to another device(e.g., a pressure mitigation support apparatus such as, for example,apparatus 500 of FIG. 5). In some embodiments, the protective cover caninclude the low air loss features. In other embodiments the low air lossfeatures are not included (built into) the protective cover.Furthermore, in some embodiments, the protective cover can include theabsorbent materials. In other embodiments, the absorbent materials maynot be included within the protective cover or additional absorbentmaterials included.

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate schematic cross-section views of example low airloss cover apparatuses 200 a, 200 b, 200 c and 200 b, respectively,according to various embodiments.

More specifically, FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic cross-section view ofan example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200 a having a poroususer contact absorptive layer 220 a that is bonded directly to anon-porous base layer 210 a forming a low air loss cavity 224 atherebetween. Thus, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200 a hasabsorption features through an absorbent user contact layer.

FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low airloss absorbent cover apparatus 200 b having a porous non-absorptive usercontact layer 220 b that is bonded directly to a non-porous base layer210 b forming a low air loss cavity 224 b therebetween. Furthermore, thelow air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200 b has one or more absorptionlayers 218 b bonded to either the user contact layer 220 b and/or thenon-porous base layer 210 that provide the absorption features.

FIG. 2C illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low airloss cover apparatus 200 c having a porous user contact non-absorptivelayer 220 c that is bonded directly to a non-porous base layer 210 cforming a low air loss cavity 224 c therebetween. The low air loss coverapparatus 200 c has no absorption features but can be combined with oneor more absorption pads (not shown) to provide absorption features.

FIG. 2D illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low airloss cover apparatus 200 d having a porous user contact non-absorptivelayer 220 d that is bonded directly to a porous base layer 210 d forminga low air loss cavity 224 d therebetween. The low air loss coverapparatus 200 d has no absorption features but can be combined with oneor more absorption pads (or layers) 233 d to provide absorptionfeatures.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate schematic cross-section views of other examplesof low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses 300 a and 300 b,respectively, according to various embodiments.

More specifically, FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic cross-section view ofan example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300 a having a poroususer contact absorptive layer 320 a that is bonded in a circular fashionto form a low air loss cavity 324 a. The porous user contact absorptivelayer 320 a is bonded to the non-porous base layer 310 a. Thus, like thelow air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200 a, the low air loss absorbentcover apparatus 300 a has absorption features through an absorbent usercontact layer.

FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low airloss absorbent cover apparatus 300 b. Like the low air loss absorbentcover apparatus 300 a, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300 bhas a porous user contact layer 320 b that is bonded in a circularfashion to form a low air loss cavity 324 b. The low air loss absorbentcover apparatus 300 b has one or more absorption layers 318 b bonded tothe user contact layer 320 b that provide the absorption features.

Although not illustrated, an air intake port such as, for example, airintake port 130 of FIG. 1, can provide high-flow, low pressure air tothe low air loss cavities 224 a, 224 b, 324 a and 324 b of FIGS. 2A, 2B,3A and 3B, respectively. Furthermore, although not illustrated, it isappreciated that the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses caninclude combinations and variations of the designs described withrespect to FIGS. 2A-3B including various additional layers.

FIG. 4 depicts a side view of an example system 400 including aremovably attachable low air loss absorbent pad 440 that is configuredas a low air loss protective cover for a contact pressure-mitigationsupport apparatus 420 on which a patient 410 rests, according to anembodiment. As discussed herein, the removable low air loss absorbentpad apparatus 440 provides the absorption functionality of anincontinence pad with a low air loss functionality that keeps the skinof patient 110 cool and dry in addition to providing a protective coverfor the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 and underlying supportsurface 415 on which the patient 410 rests. As discussed herein, in someembodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad 440 is removable and, thus,the example system 400 facilitates sanitary low air loss solution.

The example system 400 includes a patient 410, a support surface 415, apressure mitigation support apparatus 420, a low air loss absorbent pad440, and air control devices 430 and 450. The low air loss absorbent pad440 can be the low air loss absorbent pad 100 of FIG. 1, althoughalternative configurations are possible.

In the example of FIG. 4, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420is comprised of two elevated side support portions 425 and apressure-mitigating contact portion (illustrated in FIG. 5), and straps426. As discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5, thepressure-mitigating contact portion includes a plurality ofindependently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on a basematerial. As described herein, the independently pressurized reliefchambers can be configured in a geometric pattern that mitigates contactpressure between the support surface 415 and a specific anatomic regionof a patient's body when the specific anatomic region of the patient'sbody is oriented over an epicenter of the geometric pattern. The supportsurface 415 may be a hospital bed and/or mattress, a table, a chair, orany other surface on which patient 410 can rest.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 areconfigured to actively orient the specific anatomic region of thepatient's body (e.g., sacral region) over the epicenter of the geometricpattern. It is appreciated that the specific anatomic region can be anyspecific region of the patient's body that is susceptible to pressureulcers. The side support portions 425 are configured to be ergonomicallycorrect based on user height and/or size. For example, the side supportportions 425 may be configured with a recess to accommodate thepatient's elbows, in some embodiments, resulting in a more comfortableapparatus that off loads pressure over the elbow of the patient.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 can besignificantly larger in size as compared to the size of the pressurerelief surface air cells. As a result, the elevated side supportportions 425 create a barrier that keeps a patient from moving laterallyor sideways off of the anatomy-specific pressure-mitigating contactsurface. In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 maybe on average at least 2-3 inches taller in vertical height afterinflation as compared to the average height of the inflated (orpressurized) pressure-mitigating contact portion (see pressuremitigating contact portion 522 of FIG. 5). Because the elevated sidesupport portions 425 are larger and do not go underneath the patient,but instead straddle the sides of the patient, the elevated side supportportions 425 act to hold and position the patient on top of theanatomy-specific pressure-mitigating contact surface.

The straps 426 are configured to secure the pressure mitigation supportapparatus 420 to the support surface 415. It is appreciated thatalternative means for securing the pressure mitigation support apparatus420 to the support surface 415 are also possible.

In some embodiments, inner side walls of the elevated side supportportions 425, on initial inflation of higher pressure, form a firmsurface at a steep angle of orientation with respect to the patient onthe pressure mitigation support apparatus 420. For example, the innerside walls may be on a plane of 115 degrees plus or minus 25 degreesfrom the plane of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420. Thesesteep inner side walls create a steeply angled side wall down which thepatient, when positioned inappropriately off to one side or another,will slide down toward an epicenter of a geometric pattern formed on thepressure mitigation support apparatus 420. Thus, inflation orpressurization of the elevated side support portions 425 actively forcesthe patient into a position ideal for the mitigation of pressure byorienting the user in the correct position over the pressure mitigationsupport apparatus 420. As a result, the patient's anatomy will becorrectly aligned with respect to the x-axis.

Once the initial inflation cycle has finished and the user is properlypositioned, the internal pressures of the elevated side support portions425 may decrease to a lower pressure to increase comfort and preventexcessive force against the lateral aspect of the patient. Ideally, acaregiver of the patient will be present during the initial positioningof the patient over the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 toensure proper positioning of the patient by the elevated side supportportions 425.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 comprisesteeply angled side walls. For example, the walls may be angled suchthat the inner aspect of the elevated side support portions 425 whichcontact the user on the lateral aspects of each hip/thigh regionsimultaneously will form an obtuse angle of between 90 to 145 degreeswith respect to the plane of the pressure mitigation support apparatus420 (i.e., a pressure-mitigating contact portion). The elevated sidesupport portions 425 may be connected by pressure channels (e.g.,multi-channel tubing 435).

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 are inflatedand deflated in series together. Thus, like the independentlypressurized relief chambers, the air pressure in the elevated sidesupport portions 425 can be controlled by the control device 430.Alternatively or additionally, each side support portion of the elevatedside support portions 425 can be controlled by a unique control deviceand/or pump within the pump housing. The pressures within the elevatedside support portions 425 can be determined based on pre-set parametersof the individual pump cycle as determined on an individual patientspecific basis (e.g., individual parameters based on the weight,existing pressure ulcers, and/or position of the patient).

In some embodiments, there can be one or more air (or pressure) channels(not shown) between the elevated side support portions 425. In somecases, the air channels can be redundant. Redundancy of air channelsallows for even distribution of air (or other pressure) between theelevated side support portions 425. For example, one air channel maytraverse the outside (or perimeter) of the pressure mitigation supportapparatus 420 to the top of the apparatus while a second air channel maytraverse the outside of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 alower edge of the apparatus. This configuration or arrangement creates aclosed loop circle around the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420which allows air to pass unobstructed from the pump into a first one ofthe elevated side support portions 425 through the connecting airchannels and into a second one of the elevated side support portions 425without the weight of the patient blocking both channels simultaneouslyas this is physically improbable with the redundant configurationdescribed herein.

In some embodiments, the pressure channels can flare out slightly at thepoint of entry into the elevated side support portions 425 so as toreduce the likelihood of kinking or otherwise disturbing the inflationand/or pressurization of the pressure channels.

In some embodiments, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 canhave an additional elevated side support portion 425 that is positionedbetween the legs of a patient along the lower aspect of the pressuremitigation support apparatus 420 (not shown). This additional elevatedside support portion 425 can prevent a patient from migration toward thefoot of the bed in the y-axis.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 functionmuch like the side arms of a chair which has a seat portion that is thesame size as the “seat” of the user (e.g., a chair that is too small fora user). These side arms allow only a small lateral position shift ofthe user. As is the case with the pressure mitigation support apparatus420, this minimal lateral motion is not great enough to allow the userto displace their location off of the pressure mitigation supportapparatus 420 to a degree that will render the pressure reliefcharacteristics less effective.

The control system 430 is configured to regulate the pressure of each ofthe independently pressurized relief chambers via a pressure device 432(e.g., air pump) and multi-channel tubing 435. For example, theindependently pressurized relief chambers may be controlled in aspecific pattern to preserve blood flow and reduce contact pressure wheninflated (pressurized) and deflated (depressurized) in a coordinatedfashion that is controlled by the control device 430. The multi-channeltubing 435 connects the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 withthe air pump control system 430. One or more connectors (not shown) maybe used to make these connections.

The control system 450 is configured to regulate the air provided to theremovably attachable low air loss absorbent pad 440 via a pressuredevice 452 (e.g., air pump) and air intake tube 455. As discussedherein, the pressure device 452 is configured to provide high-flow,low-pressure air while pressure device 432 is configured to provided lowflow, high-pressure air. In some embodiments, control system 450 maysimply adjust the rate of the flow. The rate can be adjustable by thepatient 410 and/or healthcare personnel. In some embodiments, controlsystem 450 may not be present and the pressure device 452 may not beadjustable.

In some embodiments, the control systems 430 and/or 450 are configuredto be programmed by a patient, healthcare personnel, etc. In someembodiments, the control systems 430 and/or 450 can be programmed on apatient-specific basis to manage and mitigate pressure on one or moreexisting pressure ulcers that are currently present on a patient in aspecific anatomic location and/or to control the rate of high air flowto the low air loss absorbent pad 440 based on preference of thepatient, clinical conditions of the patient, etc. As the geometry of thedesign is specific to the patient's anatomy, the location of thepressure ulcer on the patient can be entered into the computercontrolled pump and the ideal pressure time cycle optimized for healingthe ulcer in that specified anatomic location. For example, if a patienthas an ulcer in the typical location over the sacral bone centrally, thecycle will preferentially drop the pressures in this location andshorten the duration of pressure delivered to this location in order topromote healing of the ulcer. Similarly, if the ulceration is locatedover a specific ischial tuberosity, right or left, the pressure can bepreferentially relieved in this location as the independentlypressurized chambers are specifically designed to fit the underlyinganatomy and each region of concern is able to be controlledspecifically.

In some embodiments, the multi-channel tubing 435 comprises multi-lumentubing to control pressure at different chambers of the plurality ofindependently pressurized chambers. Multi lumen tubing has multiplechannels running through its profile. Multi lumen tubing has a variableOuter Diameter (OD), numerous custom Inner Diameters (ID's), and variouswall thicknesses. The tubing can be in a number shapes: circular, oval,triangular, square, crescent, etc.

In some embodiments, the control system 430 may include acomputer-controlled multi-channel low-flow, high pressure air pump whilethe control system 450 may include a computer-controlled high-flow,low-pressure air pump. The control systems 430 and/or 450 may have anumber of programmable settings and memory to remember preferences. Insome embodiments, the control system 130 can control pressure beneathone or more specific anatomic location(s) for specified durations inorder to maximize blood flow and reduce pressure. The specifieddurations can be programmable. For example, the control system 130 cancontrol the pressure in each of the individual pressurized reliefchambers of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 120 such that thepressure in any chamber changes or is modified after a specified periodof time. In this way, no part of the patient's body is left in contactwith the pressure mitigation support apparatus 120 for more than aperiod of time. The period of time is programmable and may be based onpre-programmed settings or customizable by the patient and/or a healthcare professional.

In some embodiments, the control system 430 and 450 can be combined intoa single controller with multiple pressure devices 432 and 452.

FIG. 5 depicts an example pressure mitigation support apparatus 500,according to an embodiment. The pressure mitigation support apparatus500 includes side supports 525 and a pressure-mitigating contact portion522. The pressure-mitigating contact portion 522 includes multipleindependently pressurized relief chambers 527. The independentlypressurized relief chambers 527 are configured in a specific geometricpattern that mitigates contact pressure between a support surface and aspecific anatomic region of the patient's body when the specificanatomic region of the patient's body is oriented over an epicenter ofthe geometric pattern.

The epicenter 528 may be a central point of the pressure mitigationsupport apparatus; however, it is appreciated that the epicenter 528need not be the central point of apparatus 500. As shown in the exampleof FIG. 5, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 includes aplurality of independently pressurized relief chambers 527 that areconfigured in a specific “C-shaped” geometric pattern that effectivelymitigate and/or otherwise relieve contact pressure between a supportsurface and a sacral region of a patient's body when the pressure in theplurality of independently pressured relief chambers t27 is alternated.The anatomy specific “C-shaped” geometric design allows the geometricpattern to properly align with the patient's anatomy resulting insuperior redistribution and relocation of pressure as compared to priorart support surfaces.

In some embodiments, the geometric pattern(s) described are specificallydesigned to coincide with the internal anatomy of the patient's sacralregion. For example, the geometric pattern of independently pressurizedrelief chambers 527 can conform to a shape based on the internal anatomy(muscle, bone, vessel) in order to maximize the pressure-relievingproperties of the apparatus. As a result, pressure relief can beprovided in specific areas of the sacral region that are most prone toulcer formation, namely over the bony prominences, e.g., the sacrum andischial tuberosities. In this example, the pattern of the apparatus is,therefore, symmetric and non-repeating in nature. This is different fromprior art support surfaces that typically employ repeating patterns overa large surface area of an entire bed mattress. The functionality ofthese prior art surfaces do not require knowledge of the location of apatient. That is, with prior art surfaces, there is no benefit for thepatient being in one location verses another. Accordingly, the prior artsurfaces are less effective and less accurate than the systems and/orapparatuses disclosed herein.

In the example of FIG. 5, the geometric pattern illustrates two lateralrelief chambers forming “C” shapes facing each other around a centralcircular relief chamber which is the size of the sacral bone andpositioned directly over the sacral bone. The central circular reliefchamber is designed to fit the area of skin just at the top of thegluteal fold that overlies the sacral bony prominence which is the areaat greatest risk for pressure ulcer formation.

In addition to the ability to directly relieving central pressure, thedevice is designed to intermittently relieve pressure just lateral tothis central area. It is in this lateral region that the blood supply tothe central region is located. The major blood supply via a named arteryto the skin overlying the central sacral area runs in a course from deepwithin the pelvis around the lateral aspect of the sacral bone andtravels to the skin overlying the sacrum centrally. Lateral pressuredirectly beneath the C shape regions which overlies the feeding arterialblood supply to the central sacral region will lead to ulcerationcentrally over the sacral bony prominence. The C shapes are locateddirectly over the superior gluteal arteries, the vascular blood supplyto the skin overlying the sacral bone.

A right and left superior gluteal artery run beneath the right and leftC shapes respectively. By deflating the relief chamber that comprisesthe right C shape while the central air cell and the left C shapedrelief chamber remain inflated, the pressure over the right superiorgluteal artery is relieved and blood flow is optimized through the rightsuperior gluteal artery to skin overlying the central area over thesacral bone. Similarly, pressure can be relieved over the left superiorgluteal artery by performing a similar process with respect to theC-shaped air cell over the left superior gluteal artery. Pressure isrotated from one area to another as a result. The harmful effects ofconstant pressure in one location for a prolonged period of time whichcan lead to pressure ulcer formation are, therefore, avoided. These aircells are intertwined so that any individual air cell may be deflatedand the other air cells that remain inflated will support the areadefined by the now un-inflated air cell such that an area of lowpressure is created in the area beneath the un-inflated air cell.

In some embodiments, the specific pressure mitigation support apparatus500 may be a partial body alternating contact pressure mattress overlaydevice; although, alternative configurations are possible.

In the example of FIG. 5, the side supports 525 control the spatialrelationship between the patient and the pressure-mitigating contactportion 522. As discussed, the geometric pattern of thepressure-mitigating contact portion 522 is designed to reduce constantpressure on the patient in the same place. In some embodiments, the sidesupports 525 may not be inflatable but fixed. In some embodiments, sidesupports 525 are disposed on each side of the support surface 500 tosupport patients of variable hip width. Further, in some embodiments,the side supports 525 may be decreasing in width from the outermost wallto the innermost wall. It is appreciated that a geometric pattern isshown for simplicity. The pressure-mitigating contact portion 522 mayinclude a variety of different patterns and/or designs and sizes basedon the specific body parts. Further, it is appreciated that the specificpressure mitigation support apparatus 500 can be designed to reducepressure for specific regions or portions of a patient's body and/or fora patient's entire body in some instances.

A control system such as, for example, the control system 430 of FIG. 4individually controls the pressure in each of the independentlypressurized relief chambers. The pressure and length of time each aircell is at a specific pressure will be determined by an algorithm withinthe software program. In order to maximize the efficacy of the system,the specific pressures and timing cycles that will be utilized arepatient-specific. The specific program (time/pressure cycle) specifiedfor an individual patient may be determined by the specific patient'scharacteristics and/or factors that are entered into the pump controllerprogram. This data is used to call for the optimal program for thatpatient. Possible characteristics and/or factors can include, but arenot limited to, the patient's weight, the type of surface upon which theapparatus or overlay rests (e.g., bed, stretcher, air mattress, etc.),the patient position (flat in bed, bed at 30 degrees, bed at 45 degrees,bed at 90 degrees, sitting in chair, etc.), and/or the location ofpreexisting pressure ulcers. These characteristics and/or factors may beused to determine the pressure for the independently pressurized reliefchambers over a period of time (e.g., the alternating pressure or thepressures needed to effectively redistribute and relocate pressurewithin a specific anatomic area).

In some embodiments, real-time (or near real-time) feedback from theindependently pressurized relief chambers will allow the pump to adjustthe pressure within each relief chamber towards the desired set pressurefor each air cell at each phase of the cycle. Each relief chamber may beset to a specific pressure for a specific length of time. The cycles ofeach chamber will be coordinated with respect to all other chamberscreating a coordination of inflations and deflations of the entire groupof pressure relief chambers to maximize pressure redistribution andrelief within the apparatus. It is appreciated that there are a finitenumber of cycle patterns that can achieve the desired result based onthe physical constraints dictated by the human anatomy, the size of thesacral area, and the size that the air cells need to be in order to beeffective at pressure relief yet comfortable and not prone to mal-alignthe long axis of the patient's spine if they are too tall in height.

The physiologic pressure around 32 mmHg is the ideal threshold belowwhich pressure ulceration is less likely to occur. Given this idealpressure target of 32 mmHg, the apparatus includes an ideal size of 2-3inches for the pressure relief chambers in a partial body overlay thatwill create the required wall tension of the surface of these air cellsto effectively redistribute high pressure points without causingmal-alignment of the long axis of the patient's spine. Additionally, insome embodiments, the difference in height between adjacent pressurerelief chambers is not more than 1 inch in vertical height afterinflation so as not to create a surface that is uncomfortable to thepatient.

The ideal internal pressures that are optimal in conjunction with theidentified ideal shapes of the pressure-relieving portion of the deviceor apparatus, namely, given the shape and design of the pressure reliefsurface (or pressure-mitigating contact portion), using pressures withinthe central pressure relief chamber that are on average 10 mmHg higherthan the two lateral pressure relief chambers will produce, includeoptimal redistribution of interface pressure between the patient and thedevice.

In some embodiments, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 maybe constructed of various materials. For example, material used inconstruction of the inflatable or patient contact portion of thepressure mitigation support apparatus 500 may be determined by thenature of the contact. If the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500is in direct contact with skin a soft, low sheer, breathable fabric isideal. This fabric will have an impervious lining like, for example,polyurethane, etc. that is airtight and used to create the airtightchambers. The materials may be reusable and sterilizable. Conversely, ifthe pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 is underneath a protectivecover or bed sheet, then the inflatable device can be made of animpervious flexible material like polyurethane. This is ideal for amulti-patient patient as it is easily washable and sterilized.

FIG. 6 depicts a top plan perspective view of an example low air lossabsorbent cover apparatus 600, according to an embodiment. Morespecifically, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 isillustrated in an active (i.e., inflated) state, as a result of ahigh-flow, low-pressure air flow or stream 640.

As discussed herein, the high-flow, low-pressure air flow or stream 640can be provided by a high-flow air supply such as, for example, a blowersystem through a tube connected to intake tube connector 635. The airintake port 630 feeds the air stream to the low air cavity 622. The airintake port 630 can be bonded to or designed within the non-porous baseportion 610 and/or the user contact portion 620. The low air lossabsorbent cover apparatus 600 can be the low air loss absorbent pad 100of FIG. 1, although alternative configurations are possible.

As shown in the example of FIG. 6, the low air loss absorbent coverapparatus 600 includes a winged segment 612 and envelope 615 on thebackside (see e.g., envelopes 715 of FIG. 7A). As discussed herein, thelow air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 can be a protective cover fora pressure mitigation support apparatus such as, for example, pressuremitigation support apparatus 500 of FIG. 5.

FIGS. 7A and 7B depict back plan views of example low air loss absorbentcover apparatuses 700A and 700B, respectively, according to variousembodiments. More specifically, FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate varioustechniques for affixing the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses toa pressure mitigation support apparatus or another apparatus asdescribed herein. The low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses 700A and700B can be example embodiments of back views of the low air lossabsorbent cover apparatus 600 of FIG. 6, although alternativeconfigurations are possible.

Referring first to FIG. 7A, which illustrates two envelopes 715 disposedon each side of the air loss absorbent cover apparatus 700A. Asdiscussed herein, envelopes can be built into the winged segments of anair loss absorbent cover apparatus. In some embodiments, an additionallayer can be bonded on three sides to create the envelopes.Alternatively, the envelopes can be built using a single piece ofmaterial with extended winged segments that can be folded at edge 716and bonded on two sides to create the envelopes. FIG. 7B illustratesanother example whereby one or more adhesive strips 716 are attached tothe back side of the air loss absorbent cover apparatus 700A on anon-porous base portion 710.

It is appreciated that FIGS. 7A and 7B provide examples of the varioustechniques for affixing the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses toa pressure mitigation support apparatus or other apparatuses. Otherexamples for affixing the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses toapparatuses are also possible including combinations and/or variationsthereof.

FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the exampleform of air pump control system 800 within which a set of instructions,for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed.

In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone deviceor may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networkeddeployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or aclient machine in a client-server network environment, or as a peermachine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.

The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personalcomputer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, a networkrouter, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set ofinstructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be takenby that machine.

While the machine-readable (storage) medium is shown in an exemplaryembodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable (storage)medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media(e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated cachesand servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term“machine-readable medium” or “machine readable storage medium” shallalso be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encodingor carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and thatcause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of thepresent invention.

In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of thedisclosure, may be implemented as part of an operating system or aspecific application, component, program, object, module or sequence ofinstructions referred to as “computer programs.” The computer programstypically comprise one or more instructions set at various times invarious memory and storage devices in a computer, and that, when readand executed by one or more processors in a computer, cause the computerto perform operations to execute elements involving the various aspectsof the disclosure.

Moreover, while embodiments have been described in the context of fullyfunctioning computers and computer systems, those skilled in the artwill appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of beingdistributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that thedisclosure applies equally regardless of the particular type of machineor computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution.

Further examples of machine or computer-readable media include but arenot limited to recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatilememory devices, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives,optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), DigitalVersatile Disks, (DVDs), etc.), among others, and transmission typemedia such as digital and analog communication links.

Additional Embodiments

In some embodiments, an alternating pressure relief fluid absorbentsystem with low air loss features is disclosed. The alternating pressurerelief fluid absorbent system can include a low air loss absorbentprotective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portionconstructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a poroususer contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious,fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide aflow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion andthe porous user contact portion. The porous user contact portion isbonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the poroususer contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porousbase portion and the porous user contact portion. The alternatingpressure relief fluid absorbent system can also include an air supplyproviding a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formedbetween the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion,wherein the stream of air causes the cavity formed between thenon-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflateproviding low air loss functionality. The alternating pressure relieffluid absorbent system can include a contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus including: a base material, a pressure-mitigating contactportion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambersinterconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contactpressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in theindependently pressurized relief chambers is alternated in apre-determined manner, and multiple elevated side support portionsinterconnected on the base material. The alternating pressure relieffluid absorbent system can include a second air supply providing alow-flow, high-pressure stream of air to pressurize each of theindependently pressurized relief chambers.

In some embodiments, the low air loss fluid absorbent protective coverapparatus is removably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigationsupport apparatus.

In some embodiments, the low air loss fluid absorbent protective coverapparatus is sterilizable and reusable.

In some embodiments, the low air loss fluid absorbent protective coverapparatus is disposable.

In some embodiments, a low air loss absorbent apparatus is disclosed.The low air loss absorbent apparatus comprises a non-porous base portionconstructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material; a poroususer contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious,fluid absorbent material, wherein the porous user contact portion isbonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the poroususer contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porousbase portion and the porous user contact portion. The low air lossabsorbent apparatus also comprises an air intake port bonded to one ormore of the non-porous base layer and the porous user contact layer, theair intake port configured to facilitate an air flow to the cavityformed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contactportion. The air flow causes the cavity formed between the non-porousbase portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providinglow air loss functionality through the porous user contact portion.

In some embodiments, the air loss functionality circulates air between auser in contact with the porous user contact portion and the low airloss absorbent pad.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad comprises aprotective cover for another apparatus.

In some embodiments, the another apparatus comprises apressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to anotherapparatus and washable.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to anotherapparatus and disposable.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to anotherapparatus via Velcro striping bonded to the non-porous base portion.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to anotherapparatus via adhesive tape.

In some embodiments, the air flow comprises a high-flow, low-pressurestream of air.

In some embodiments, the air intake port is configured to provide ahigh-flow, low-pressure stream of air.

In some embodiments, the porous user contact portion comprises a surfacelayer including multiple small orifices.

In some embodiments, the porous user contact portion comprises one ormore absorbent layers in the cavity formed between the non-porous baseportion and the porous user contact portion.

In some embodiments, the porous user contact portion comprises a surfacelayer including multiple perforations.

In some embodiments, the air impermeable, liquid impervious materialcomprises a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material.

In some embodiments, a low air loss pressure relief system is disclosed.The low air loss pressure relief system comprises a low air lossabsorbent protective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portionconstructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a poroususer contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious,fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide aflow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion andthe porous user contact portion, wherein the porous user contact portionis bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of theporous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between thenon-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The low airloss pressure relief system further comprises an air supply providing ahigh-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formed between thenon-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein thestream of air causes the cavity formed between the non-porous baseportion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low airloss functionality.

In some embodiments, the pressure relief system further comprises acontact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a basematerial, a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multipleindependently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the basematerial and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a supportsurface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized reliefchambers is alternated, and multiple elevated side support portionsinterconnected on the base material.

In some embodiments, the side support portions are configured toactively orient a specific anatomic region of the user's body over theepicenter of a geometric pattern, and wherein the independentlypressurized relief chambers are configured in a geometric pattern thatmitigates contact pressure between a support surface and a specificanatomic region of a user's body when pressure in the independentlypressurized relief chambers is alternated and the specific anatomicregion of the user's body is oriented over an epicenter of the geometricpattern.

In some embodiments, the pressure relief system further comprises asecond air supply providing a low-flow, high-pressure stream of air topressurize each of the independently pressurized relief chambers.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent protective coverapparatus is removably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigationsupport apparatus.

In some embodiments, the non-porous base portion includes multipleenvelopes configured to secure the removably attachable low air lossabsorbent protective cover apparatus to the contact pressure-mitigationsupport apparatus when the multiple elevated side support portions areinflated in the multiple envelopes.

In some embodiments, the non-porous base portion includes adhesive tapeconfigured to secure the removably attachable low air loss absorbentprotective cover apparatus to the contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus.

In some embodiments, a low air loss system is disclosed. The low airloss system comprises a low air loss cover apparatus including: a porousbase portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid imperviousmaterial, and a porous user contact portion constructed of an airpermeable, liquid impervious material, and an air intake port. Theporous user contact portion can be bonded to the porous base portionaround a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavityis formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous usercontact portion. The air intake port can be bonded to one or more of theporous base layer and the porous user contact layer and can beconfigured to facilitate an air flow to the cavity formed between theporous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The air flowcauses the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and theporous user contact portion to inflate providing low air lossfunctionality.

In some embodiments, the low air loss system further comprises anabsorbent pad constructed of a fluid absorbent material.

In some embodiments, the absorbent pad is configured beneath the porousbase portion of the low air loss cover.

In some embodiments, the absorbent pad is bonded to the porous baseportion of the low air loss cover.

In some embodiments, the low air loss system further comprises a contactpressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material, apressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independentlypressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material andconfigured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and auser when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers isalternated in a pre-determined manner, and multiple elevated sidesupport portions interconnected on the base material. The absorbent padis configured between the porous base portion of the low air loss coverand the pressure-mitigating contact portion of the contactpressure-mitigation support apparatus.

CONCLUSION

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout thedescription and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and thelike are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to anexclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of“including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,”“coupled,” or any variant thereof, means any connection or coupling,either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling ofconnection between the elements can be physical, logical or acombination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below”and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall referto this application as a whole and not to any particular portions ofthis application. Where the context permits, words in the above DetailedDescription using the singular or plural number may also include theplural or singular number respectively. The word “or,” in reference to alist of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretationsof the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list,and any combination of the items in the list.

The above-detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the teachings to the precise formdisclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, thedisclosure are described above for illustrative purposes, variousequivalent modifications are possible within the scope of thedisclosure, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. Forexample, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order,alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employsystems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes orblocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined and/ormodified to provide alternative or subcombinations. Each of theseprocesses or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways.Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed inseries, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel,or may be performed at different times. Further, any specific numbersnoted herein are only examples; alternative implementations may employdiffering values or ranges.

The teachings of the disclosure provided herein can be applied to othersystems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements andacts of the various embodiments described above can be combined toprovide further embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. An alternating pressure relief fluid absorbentsystem with low air loss features, the alternating pressure relief fluidabsorbent system comprising: a low air loss absorbent protective coverapparatus including a non-porous base portion constructed of an airimpermeable, liquid impervious material, a porous user contact portionconstructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbentmaterial, and an air intake port configured to provide a flow of air tothe cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the poroususer contact portion, wherein the porous user contact portion is bondedto the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous usercontact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous baseportion and the porous user contact portion; and an air supply providinga high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formed between thenon-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein thestream of air causes the cavity formed between the non-porous baseportion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low airloss functionality; a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatusincluding: a base material, a pressure-mitigating contact portion havingmultiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on thebase material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between asupport surface and a user when pressure in the independentlypressurized relief chambers is alternated in a pre-determined manner,and multiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the basematerial; and a second air supply providing a low-flow, high-pressurestream of air to pressurize each of the independently pressurized reliefchambers.
 2. The pressure relief fluid absorbent system of claim 1,wherein the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus isremovably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus.
 3. The pressure relief fluid absorbent system of claim 2,wherein the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus issterilizable and reusable.
 4. The pressure relief fluid absorbent systemof claim 2, wherein the low air loss fluid absorbent protective coverapparatus is disposable.
 5. A low air loss absorbent apparatuscomprising: a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable,liquid impervious material; a porous user contact portion constructed ofan air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, wherein theporous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portionaround a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavityis formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous usercontact portion; an air intake port bonded to one or more of thenon-porous base layer and the porous user contact layer, the air intakeport configured to facilitate an air flow to the cavity formed betweenthe non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, whereinthe air flow causes the cavity formed between the non-porous baseportion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low airloss functionality through the porous user contact portion.
 6. The lowair loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the air loss functionalitycirculates air between a user in contact with the porous user contactportion and the low air loss absorbent pad.
 7. The low air lossabsorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the low air loss absorbent padcomprises a protective cover for another apparatus.
 8. The low air lossabsorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the another apparatus comprises apressure-mitigation support apparatus.
 9. The low air loss absorbent padof claim 7, wherein the cover is removably attachable to the anotherapparatus and washable.
 10. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7,wherein the cover is removably attachable to the another apparatus anddisposable.
 11. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7, wherein thecover is removably attachable to the another apparatus via Velcrostriping bonded to the non-porous base portion.
 12. The low air lossabsorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the cover is removably attachable tothe another apparatus via adhesive tape.
 13. The low air loss absorbentpad of claim 5, wherein the air flow comprises a high-flow, low-pressurestream of air.
 14. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, whereinthe air intake port is configured to provide a high-flow, low-pressurestream of air.
 15. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, whereinthe porous user contact portion comprises a surface layer includingmultiple small orifices.
 16. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 15,wherein porous user contact portion comprises one or more absorbentlayers in the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and theporous user contact portion.
 17. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim5, wherein the porous user contact portion comprises a surface layerincluding multiple perforations.
 18. The low air loss absorbent pad ofclaim 5, wherein the air impermeable, liquid impervious materialcomprises a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material.
 19. A low airloss pressure relief system, comprising: a low air loss absorbentprotective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portionconstructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a poroususer contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious,fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide aflow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion andthe porous user contact portion, wherein the porous user contact portionis bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of theporous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between thenon-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion; and an airsupply providing a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavityformed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contactportion, wherein the stream of air causes the cavity formed between thenon-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflateproviding low air loss functionality.
 20. The pressure relief system ofclaim 19, further comprising: a contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus including: a base material, a pressure-mitigating contactportion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambersinterconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contactpressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in theindependently pressurized relief chambers is alternated, and multipleelevated side support portions interconnected on the base material. 21.The pressure relief system of claim 20, wherein the side supportportions are configured to actively orient a specific anatomic region ofthe user's body over the epicenter of a geometric pattern, and whereinthe independently pressurized relief chambers are configured in ageometric pattern that mitigates contact pressure between a supportsurface and a specific anatomic region of a user's body when pressure inthe independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated and thespecific anatomic region of the user's body is oriented over anepicenter of the geometric pattern.
 22. The pressure relief system ofclaim 20, further comprising: a second air supply providing a low-flow,high-pressure stream of air to pressurize each of the independentlypressurized relief chambers.
 23. The pressure relief system of claim 20,wherein the low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus isremovably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigation supportapparatus.
 24. The pressure relief system of claim 23, wherein thenon-porous base portion includes multiple envelopes configured to securethe removably attachable low air loss absorbent protective coverapparatus to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus when themultiple elevated side support portions are inflated in the multipleenvelopes.
 25. The pressure relief system of claim 23, wherein thenon-porous base portion includes adhesive tape configured to secure theremovably attachable low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatusto the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.
 26. A low air losssystem, comprising: a low air loss cover apparatus including: a porousbase portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid imperviousmaterial, a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable,liquid impervious material, wherein the porous user contact portion isbonded to the porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous usercontact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous baseportion and the porous user contact portion, an air intake port bondedto one or more of the porous base layer and the porous user contactlayer, the air intake port configured to facilitate an air flow to thecavity formed between the porous base portion and the porous usercontact portion, wherein the air flow causes the cavity formed betweenthe non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion toinflate providing low air loss functionality.
 27. The low air losssystem of claim 26, further comprising: an absorbent pad constructed ofa fluid absorbent material.
 28. The low air loss system of claim 27,wherein the absorbent pad is configured beneath the porous base portionof the low air loss cover.
 29. The low air loss system of claim 27,wherein the absorbent pad is bonded to the porous base portion of thelow air loss cover.
 30. The low air loss system of claim 27, furthercomprising: a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: abase material, a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multipleindependently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the basematerial and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a supportsurface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized reliefchambers is alternated in a pre-determined manner, and multiple elevatedside support portions interconnected on the base material; wherein theabsorbent pad is configured between the porous base portion of the lowair loss cover and the pressure-mitigating contact portion of thecontact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.